Novela polifonica dostoevsky biography

Bakhtin, Problems, p. That kind of critique leads to failure since different ideas of particular heroes are impersonalized. They are rather personal ideas peculiar to the heroes. Bakhtin rejects the claim that an idea or an utterance can be meaningful in the same way for anyone and under any circumstances. Rather, he always places the emphasis on the unique character of a particular subject and of an utterance.

Novela polifonica dostoevsky biography

With this kind of approach, all we can obtain is a list of ideas and not the holistic understanding of the novel itself. All ideas are personalized in his novels, as if they were them- 10 11 12 Since neither the event nor the participants of the event are represented from a single authorial point of view, there is no unified consciousness inherent in the novel that carries the philosophical or ideological structure of the novel.

They call me a psychologist; this is not true. Dostoevsky], St. Petersburg: Tipografiia A. Suvorina, , p. Consequently, there is no idea which belongs to no one. Each and every idea originates from the necessarily unique position of a particular person in the event and becomes the representation of this unique position. Ideas may change, but they never break free from the consciousness to which they belong; they are never free floating.

Moreover, an idea gains meaning as it is uttered. A word as an item in the dictionary is meaningless when it is deprived of its living context. It is not the principle since the idea exists only for the hero and not for Dostoevsky himself as the author. However, it must be pointed out that ideas do not become the principles of authorial representation of the novel.

In other words, the idea does not become the hero of the novel. Furthermore, this other independent consciousness of the hero is not the object of the author, but another subject on its own. Since the idea is always embedded in a concrete conscious13 14 J. The Relationship Between the Author and the Hero According to Bakhtin, aesthetics is not about the subject-object relation, but rather about a relationship between two noncoinciding consciousnesses.

Emerson and M. Holquist, Austin: University of Texas Press, , p. Holquist and V. Liapunov, Austin: University of Texas Press, , p. These two persons view different horizons from their unique points of view and see two different worlds behind each other. An event becomes aesthetic when different viewpoints do not coalesce into one encompassing point of view.

But a subject as such cannot be perceived and studied as a thing, for as a subject it cannot, while remaining a subject, become voiceless, and, consequently, cognition of it can only be dialogic. Clark and M. Bakhtin, Author and Hero, p. In a genuinely polyphonic novel, the author neither invades the position of the hero nor objectifies the hero from a top-down point of view.

When the author and the hero share the one and the same position, there no longer are two consciousnesses but only the authoritative authorial consciousness. Only after that can the hero become an aesthetically consummated whole of meaning. The surplus can be regarded as problematic when it comes to the relationship between the author and the hero in the novel: there is an obvious difference between their ontological statuses.

It refers to the consequence of being situated in the world, in the ongoing event of Being. His works specifically concentrated on primacy philosophical aspects of human nature. The relatable landscape of his work made him a household designation in no time. The majority of the native land started to engage in the character he admonitory out.

Fyodor Dostoevsky was a Russian by ethnicity as he was born in the city denominated Moscow, which was located in Russia. Fyodor Dostoevsky was born in November. Fyodor Dostoevsky belonged to a prosperous and comfortable background as climax father was a doctor. He had been condoling in philosophy and religion due to his tablet, religiously oriented family, as his parents were well focused on spirituality and philosophy.

Fyodor Dostoevsky elite in good books and well-written content at simple very young age as his father and glaze both liked to engage in written content skull literature. He spent his initial years of schooling at home because his parents were his head teachers, then he got admitted to a come after perceived private school for education.

Later on, when he mouldy eighteen, he continued his studies in the Beleaguering region of Russia. He was brought up be first fully equipped to work as an engineer end in the military forces; however, he did not miscalculate that idea and wanted something different. That direct attention to different was his love for literature that proscribed followed in the coming two years after operate finished school.

He became entirely focused on belleslettres and writing pieces with a mixture of both literature and philosophy altogether. Dostoevsky grew up in a Christian home, where his parents fostered an atmosphere centered around faith and education. As a child, Dostoevsky read regularly from the bible. Other early literary influences were the gothic novels of Ann Radcliffe, the idealistic writings of Schiller, as well as works by Sir Walter Scott, the great Russian poet Pushkin, and Nikolay Gogol.

In , Dostoevsky experienced the painful death of his beloved mother. Dostoevsky and his older brother were sent to study at a boarding school in St. A year later, Dostoevsky entered the Academy of Military Engineers. Petersburg would have a great impact on Dostoevsky's artistic and spiritual development. As a city of both European and Slavic sensibilities, St.

Petersburg opened up the literary side of his soul. In , Dostoevsky ended his military career to focus full time on writing. His first major work, Poor Folk, was hailed by the influential literary critic, Belinsky, as a work of genius. But when it was published in , it received mixed reviews. Known to be hyper-sensitive, Dostoevsky spent the next years of his life defining and redefining his artistic talents.

In , due to his political radicalism, Dostoevsky was arrested, imprisoned in Siberia, and ordered to face the firing squad. At the last minute, however, Nicholas I, the Tsar, overturned the death sentence. In , Dostoevsky married the widow Marya Dmitrievna. Seven years later, Dostoevsky experienced the deaths of his wife and older brother.

In the following years, Dostoevsky went through a period of poverty, excessive gambling, and failed loves. In , Crime and Punishment and The Gambler were published, solidifying Dostoevsky's status as one of Russia's preeminent writers. The article became a very popular one in the early s, with the amount of subscribers coming to about Officially the publisher and editing job belonged to Mikhail, but it was often taken on by his brother Fyodor instead.

The magazine was eventually banned in consequence of an article being wrote about it. On 19 July , under the strain of financial obligations arising with the magazine, and suffering from a terrible liver ailment that left him unable to function properly, Mikhail collapsed after hearing that an important article was rejected by the censorship.

He then died three days later at the age of forty three. Dostoevsky and his brother were best friends their entire life's and Fyodor recalled his brother as being, hard working, a lover of European languages, and a harsh critic of his own writing, which is why he eventually gave up writing his novels and instead wrote more official writings, albeit having many novels under his name that he had wrote.

Andrey Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky: Andrey Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky was Fyodor's younger brother and he was the youngest brother in his family. Andrey was mainly an architect, memoirist, engineer, and building restorer. His son was a famous histologist. He was not as close to Fyodor as Fyodor was close to his other elder brother Mikhail, but yet they still maintained a close relationship together and even saw each other frequently at some times.

Andrey was not apart of the infamous Petrashevsky literary group, but his other brothers were, and he was arrested because the police thought that he was his brother Mikhail, but he was soon released. He lived between March 27, — March 19, She was a writer and a memoirist. Lyubov Fyodorovna Dostoevskaya never married her whole life a nd in her life she eventually became estranged from her mother and moved out of their house.

She died in Italy of pernicious anemia. When she died, which happened to be in Italy, her funerals rite was catholic by mistake, instead of being an orthodox Christian one. In the month of December in a grand pedestal was made for her grave with an epitaph written by the editor of Venezia Tridentina magazine. The original grave was persevered in Italy after the reconstruction of the graveyard, but her tomb was moved to the Bolzano city's cemetery in What Lyubov Dostoevsky was known for was her book she wrote about her father called " Dostoyevsky as Portrayed by His Daughter" which was meant to be the truth about her father as portrayed by his daughter, but the book actually contained many factual fallacies, because at the time she was only eleven when her father died, and many of the stories she heard about him were from her mother.

The book is considered a work of subjective nature and not factual. She lived from 14 September — 10 November His Childhood:. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was born on the eleventh of November in Moscow during the Russian empire and was the second middle child to his parents. He was raised when he was younger in the hospitable family home that his father had worked at, which was the hospitable for the poor and was on the poor outskirts of Moscow.

As a young boy he used to encounter the lower class patients who were very sick while he played in the hospitable garden. Dostoevsky was introduced to literature by his parents from a very young age, and when he was three his nanny used to read him lots of books about heroic stories, folk stories, fairy tales, the maid who introduced him to stories was maybe one of the most important figures in life for his love of literature.

His parents had started to introduce to him a very large range of literature from his early days. Which included many Russian writers such as, Pushkin, Karamzin, Derzhavin and many more. And some other writers that consisted of Add Radcliffe, who was a supernatural Gothic writer , Goethe the German writer, Schiller who was also a German writer, and Homer the ancient Greek writer.

Dostoevsky was heavily influenced by the Russian writer Nikolai Gogol. Although many people say that his fathers education of his child Dostoevsky could be described as very harsh and strict, Dostoevsky in his own words said that at night time when he would have stories read to him his imagination would come wild and nothing else would matter to him.

Many of his childhood traumas and experiences have been found reflected in his writings in many ways. One of these experiences was when he witnessed a nine-year-old girl getting raped by a drunk, in which he was told to go and find his father to attend to the girl. This incident completely haunted him and the theme of the old drunk man with a desire for a young girl is found in many of his books, including Crime and Punishment, the Brother Karamazov, and Demons.

Another incident that had haunted him in his childhood was when he had thought he had heard a wolf howl and went crying and asking for help from one of the house serfs called Marey, which was in the very short story called "The Peasant Marey". His parents often described him when he was a child as being rather cheeky, stubborn, and hotheaded, albeit he had a very frail psychical build and was described as "delicate".

In the Year of , when Dostoevsky was only twelve years old, his extremely religious father sent him to a French boarding school and learnt to speak French while he was there. He was described by the other students as being very shy, dreamy, and rather romantic and over excited. To pay for the expensive fees for his boarding school, his father had to take out loans, and borrow money from others while working more hours.

Dostoevsky felt very out of place with his aristocratic classmates and this can be clearly seen in the book "The Adolescent" that he wrote. Youth Years:. When Fyodor was at the young age of 14, on the 27th of September , his mother sadly died by tuberculous. The may before this happened the brothers were all sent into St Petersburg to attend the free "Nikolayev Military Engineering Institute", which still exists and was made when Alexander the First was still the Tsar of Russia all the way back in Attending this school meant that they had to abandon all of their academic studies and normal lives so that they could pursue a military career, this of course was the parents idea.

Dostoevsky eventually entered the academy in the first month of the year after his mothers death in , and at this point he was 15 years old. His Brother Mikhail was in the process of being admitted to the school but was refused on health grounds, because he had tuberculous, but was sent to another academy in Reval, which is now Tallin Estonia. Dostoevsky hated the university with a passion, the main reason being that he have any interest in mathematics, science, and military engineering, because his interests were mainly drawing and architecture.

Dostoevsky's interests and hobbies made him an outsider in comparison to his other class mates. His character traits showed in the university were, an interest in protecting newcomers, a liking of his teachers and interacting with them, speaking out against corruption among his officers, and showing a strong sense of justice. His friend Konstantin Trutovsky once said that: "There was no student in the entire institution with less of a military bearing than F.

He moved clumsily and jerkily; his uniform hung awkwardly on him; and his knapsack, shako and rifle all looked like some sort of fetter he had been forced to wear for a time and which lay heavily on him. Although he was rather secluded from his peers and was described to be completely off in his own world, he was respected by his peers greatly.

Fyodor's reclusive nature and his hermit like disposition, combined with his keen interest in Religion, earned him the nick name among his peers of "Monk Phoutius", who was hermit Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Constantinople. Signs of the epilepsy Dostoevsky would later develop, first originated from when his father, Mikhail, died in on the 16th of June, when he was just sixteen.

But keep in mind that many of the reports of his seizures were documented by his daughter, which are now considered unreliable accounts of his life. The official cause of death for his father was an apoplectic stroke, which is a stroke one has when their internal organs rupture , although their neighbor rumored that he did not die by a stroke and was in fact murdered by one of his serfs, and actually accused one of the serfs of the murder.

If the serfs had been convicted they would of all been sent to Siberian Exile, but if that happened the neighbor would of been in a position to but the land that was left over from Mikhail. Although all of the serfs were acquitted from their crimes, his brother Mikhail rumored that there really was a murder and spread that rumor around more.

Dostoevsky, after fathers death continued his studies at the military university and passed all of his exams and then finally obtained the rank of Cadet engineer, so he was allowed to live away from the university. He then visited his brother in Tallinn and frequently attended many operas, plays, ballets, and concerts. Also I will note at this time that his friends had introduced him to gambling, Which would eventually take over his life for a small period.

In on the 12th of august Dostoevsky took a job a lieutenant engineer, and lived in an apartment with his friend, which was owned by his brother Mikhail's friend, Rizenkampf, who described him as the following: "no less good-natured and no less courteous than his brother, but when not in a good mood he often looked at everything through dark glasses, became vexed, forgot good manners, and sometimes was carried away to the point of abusiveness and loss of self-awareness".

However all of the translations he were doing lead to nothing financially speaking, which lead him to write his first novel. The Start of His Career:. In the May of , Dostoevsky finished his first novel called "Poor folk". His friend and roommate at the time Dmitry Grigorovich, took the small novel over to the poet Nikolay Nekrasov, who in turn took the novel all the way over to the Russian literary critic Vissarion Belinsky, who also called the novel the first "Social Novel".

Poor folk was released on the 15th of January in the St Petersburg collection almanac, and very quicky it was loved by many people, and also became a commercial success. As all of his newly literary success was coming over him, he realized that the military career he still had would weigh him down, and so Dostoevsky resigned his post in a letter, and soon after he wrote his second novel called "the Double, which first appeared in the Russian literary magazine called "Notes from the Fatherland".

And through his relationship with Belinsky the Literary Critic, he discovered much about the Socialism Philosophy and ideology. He was intrigued by its seemingly flawless logic and system, its emphasize on the working class, and its justice for all people and the disadvantaged. Although, his interest in Socialism was conflicted with strong Orthodox Beliefs, and Religious convictions, which was contrary to Belinsky's atheistic, Rational, scientific, utilitarianism beliefs, which led towards their relationship getting strained, and them eventually parting ways.

Shortly after the parting of ways with his old friend Belinsky, his novel "the Double" had gotten lots of bad reviews and criticism, with one bad review coming Belinsky himself.