Psychoanalyse therapie sigmund freud biography

Freud used the analogy of an iceberg to describe the three levels of the mind. The id, ego, and superego have most commonly been conceptualized as three essential parts of the human personality. His theory of psychosexual stages of development is predicated by the concept that childhood experiences create the adult personality and that problems in early life would come back to haunt the individual as a mental illness.

Dream Analysis : Freud believed dreams were a window into the unconscious mind and developed methods for analyzing dream content for repressed thoughts and desires. Dreams represent unfulfilled wishes from the id, trying to break through to the conscious. But because these desires are often unacceptable, they are disguised or censored using such defenses as symbolism.

Freud believed that by undoing the dreamwork , the analyst could study the manifest content what they dreamt and interpret the latent content what it meant by understanding the symbols. Defense Mechanisms : Freud proposed several defense mechanisms , like repression and projection , which the ego employs to handle the tension and conflicts among the id, superego, and the demands of reality.

Here are summaries of some of his most notable cases:. Anna O. She suffered from various symptoms, including hallucinations and paralysis, which Freud interpreted as signs of hysteria caused by repressed traumatic memories. Dora Ida Bauer : Dora, a pseudonym Freud used, was a teenager suffering from what he diagnosed as hysteria. Her symptoms included aphonia loss of voice and a cough.

Freud suggested her issues were due to suppressed sexual desires, particularly those resulting from a complex series of relationships in her family. Rat Man Ernst Lanzer : Rat Man came to Freud suffering from obsessive thoughts and fears related to rats, a condition known as obsessional neurosis. Freud connected his symptoms to suppressed guilt and repressed sexual desires.

Wolf Man Sergei Pankejeff : Wolf Man was a wealthy Russian aristocrat who came to Freud with various symptoms, including a recurring dream about wolves. In many cases, the result was some form of neurotic illness. Freud sought to understand the nature and variety of these illnesses by retracing the sexual history of his patients.

This was not primarily an investigation of sexual experiences as such. At the beginning of , the committee had 22 members and was renamed the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. Carl Jung : Jung — was a close associate of Freud but split due to theoretical disagreements. He developed the concept of analytical psychology, emphasizing the collective unconscious, which houses universal symbols or archetypes shared by all human beings.

He also introduced the idea of introversion and extraversion. Alfred Adler : Adler — was another early follower of Freud who broke away due to differing views. He developed the school of individual psychology, highlighting the role of feelings of inferiority and the striving for superiority or success in shaping human behavior. He also emphasized the importance of social context and community.

She emphasized the significance of early childhood experiences and the role of the mother-child relationship in psychological development. Wilhelm Reich : Reich — , once a student of Freud, diverged by focusing on bodily experiences and sexual repression, developing the theory of orgone energy. Translated by Porter, Catherine. Basingstoke: Macmillan.

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The Collected Works of C. Jung Volume 4: Freud and Psychoanalysis. Freud had been diagnosed with cancer of the jaw in , and underwent more than 30 operations. He died of cancer on 23 September Search term:. Read more. This page is best viewed in an up-to-date web browser with style sheets CSS enabled. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience.

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Psychoanalyse therapie sigmund freud biography

Daniel Hale Williams. Patricia Bath. Mae Jemison. Theories Freud's psychoanalytic theory, inspired by his colleague Josef Breuer, posited that neuroses had their origins in deeply traumatic experiences that had occurred in the patient's past. The id is the primitive, impulsive and irrational unconscious that operates solely on the outcome of pleasure or pain and is responsible for instincts to sex and aggression.

And the superego is the moral voice and conscience that guides the ego; violating it results in feelings of guilt and anxiety. Psychic energy: Freud postulated that the id was the basic source of psychic energy or the force that drives all mental processes. In particular, he believed that libido, or sexual urges, was a psychic energy that drives all human actions; the libido was countered by Thanatos, the death instinct that drives destructive behavior.

Oedipus complex: Between the ages of three and five, Freud suggested that as a normal part of the development process all kids are sexually attracted to the parent of the opposite sex and in competition with the parent of the same sex. The theory is named after the Greek legend of Oedipus, who killed his father so he could marry his mother. Freud believed that by analyzing our dreams and memories, we can understand them, which can subconsciously influence our current behavior and feelings.

Books Freud has published a number of important works on psychoanalysis.